Anthropology frames experience as lived practice and scholarly object of inquiry.
Anthropology frames experience as lived practice and scholarly object of inquiry. All topics serve as metaphors and methods for envisioning new forms of co-existence. My book “Breathing Hearts” (Selim, 2024) tells a human story and describes a research topic. It focuses on both my lived experiences as a human seeker and as a researcher exploring the topic of Sufi healing practices in Europe, and specifically in Germany.
Stories are powerful. Personal narrative is crucial in anthropology as it provides a "nuanced and multifaceted understanding of human culture and identity” (Lee, 2025). Our stories are important because they show how capturing depth and complexity in studying people’s ways of being is vital for understanding what it means to be human.
In the following paragraphs, I will share both my personal story and how that interacts with the world around me, including places where I live and the far away places I travel to.
I began my professional life in Bangladesh as a medical doctor, where I spent fourteen years fully immersed in the study and practice of biomedicine, repairing bodies and minds with the tools and logics I had been taught. Yet, even in those years, I carried with me the imprint of my upbringing in a Sunni Muslim family in a newly independent nation. Of course, this was a society where Sufism subtly infused the rhythms of everyday life. Over time, my questions about health and healing expanded beyond the mechanics of the body. I became interested in the socioultural, spiritual, and political forces that shape human well-being. This search led me away from hospital wards and into the field as a medical anthropologist, where I began studying healing traditions across societies. Everything from South Asia to the diverse transnational practices I would later encounter in Europe. In most cases, I was always guided, in part, by the spiritual sensibilities seeded in my Sufi-influenced childhood.
My life trajectory led me to Berlin, Germany. In Berlin, I found myself drawn into the world of Sufi healing. Not only as an observer but as an apprentice on the path. What began as fieldwork soon became a lived practice, as I learned breathing techniques, joined in dhikr, and followed the guidance of Sufi teachers alongside other seekers. This dual role, both participant and ethnographer, gave me the opportunities to experience Sufism from within while also analyzing it through an anthropological lens.
In this postsecular, Muslim-minority context, I explored how Sufi healing is practiced, adapted, and lived, tracing its spiritual, embodied, and social dimensions as they unfolded in the lives of my breathing companions and in my own.
Breath became the thread that wove the diverse aspects of my Sufi apprenticeship together. Paying attention to the constant, apparently simple act of breathing had shown me how breath can carry profound meaning. In Sufi healing discourses, breathing is not merely a biological necessity but a practice of awareness, a way to align body, mind, and heart. Through lessons in “hush dar dam,” (Dari: awareness of breath) I learned to attend to each inhalation and exhalation as a form of dhikr (literally meaning: remembrance), with a steady rhythm that could calm the body, focus the mind, and open pathways to a heart-centered transformation. Breathing is both method and metaphor, sustaining life while guiding the journey toward the possibility of healing complex trauma and ensure a deepened presence.
Through the extensive periods of time I spent with Sufi healers and fellow wayfarers in Berlin (and elsewhere), I came to understand how these practices could heal wounds that are both personal and collective. Sufi healing has the ability to provide tools to navigate secular forms of alienation as well as the sociopolitical suffering carried by many in marginalized Muslim communities. In a city where Islam is usually misrepresented, Sufi gatherings became quiet acts of resistance. I experienced breathing spaces where anti-Muslim racism was countered not only with discursive critique but with lived examples of openness, compassion, and coexistence. Here, healing was as much about reimagining our shared futures as it was about easing individual and collective suffering.
That said, breathing as metaphor and practice is not just about the individual person. Breathing is about the community coming together and even the world at large. In 2020, during the height of the COVID pandemic, we had seen how breathing had “become a powerful and politically charged metaphor for the violent impact of a historically grown inequality and the resistance against it that might accumulate now in this current crisis of a literally breath-taking virus” (Schade, 2020).
In the long aftermath of the breath taking pandemic, there are other forms of suffocation that Sufi practices may not be able to heal, auch as toxic air, rapid urban deforestation, and a persistent damage caused by late capitalist forces emboldened by genocidal and ecocidal far right politics on our planet.
We need to draw inspiration from Sufi breath-based healing practices, among other conditions of possibilities, that make us conspire, breath together, and tell our personal and research-based stories in suffocating times.
Throughout my anthropological journey, I have come to understand that breathing was long recognized as a vital metaphor for lived experience and the “breath of life" (Macnaughton & Carel, 2016). In earlier eras, breath was woven into rituals and cosmologies—as in various traditions where breath, wind, and spirit were interchangeable, shaping how people related to one another and the world (Van Dyk, 2017; Levison, 2024). Today, anthropology of breath stands at a crossroad: it engages with contemporary individualistic wellness cultures and collective health practices, for example, as seen in studies of yoga and qigong shaping new social forms in India and China (Abbott & Lavretsky, 2013; Patwardhan, 2017), and attends to how breath mediates racialized suffering and calls for justice, as in the concept of “Black breath” and the ritual of coughing out to reclaim air and voice (Lemire, 2024).
Looking ahead, I envision a future where anthropology brings breath more centrally into conversations about environmental justice, embodied resistance, collective healing, and ethics—where breathing becomes not just an individual act but a relational and political terrain, illuminating how we share air, space, and belonging together.
Abbott, R., & Lavretsky, H. (2013). Tai Chi and Qigong for the Treatment and Prevention of Mental Disorders. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 36(1), 109–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2013.01.011
Lee, S. (2025). Capturing Life Stories. Number Analytics. https://www.numberanalytics.com/blog/personal-narrative-visual-anthropology
Lemire, J. (2024). Breathing connection, breathing resistance: Black breath and poetry as praxis. Dance, Movement & Spiritualities, 11(1–2), 23–42. https://doi.org/10.1386/dmas_00065_1
Levison, J. R. (2024). The Spirit in the Christian Bible. St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology. https://saet.ac.uk/entries/the-spirit-in-the-christian-bible/
Macnaughton, J., & Carel, H. (2016). Breathing and breathlessness in clinic and culture: Using critical medical humanities to bridge an epistemic gap. In A. Whitehead, A. Woods, S. Atkinson, et al. (Eds.), The Edinburgh companion to the critical medical humanities (Chapter 16). Edinburgh University Press. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK379257/
Patwardhan, A. (2017) Yoga Research and Public Health: Is Research Aligned With The Stakeholders' Needs? J Prim Care Community Health. https://doi.org/10.1177/2150131916664682
Schade, J. (2020). Society for Sick Societies: The Breathing Machine. Social Text Journal. https://socialtextjournal.org/periscope_article/society-for-sick-societies-the-breathing-machine/
Selim, N. (2023). Breathing Hearts: Sufism, Healing, and Anti-Muslim Racism in Germany. Berghahn Books. https://doi.org/10.3167/9781805391982
Van Dyk, P. J. (2017). The Spirit of God, or is it? HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 73(3). https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v73i3.4670
Dr. Nasima Selim is an interdisciplinary scholar trained in medicine, public health and anthropology. She is a breathworker, writer, researcher, and educator. Her books include “Breathing Hearts” (Berghahn 2024), an open-access ethnography, and "Ways of Breathing and Knowing" (Routledge, forthcoming), a volume of 12 interdisciplinary essays she co-edited with Dr. Judith Albrecht.
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